One of the lessons taught in these pages over many years by Christopher Fildes was that, because financial markets are human nature in action, anything that goes wrong in them is almost certain to have happened before and highly likely to happen again. Technology may advance, the language and methods of business may evolve, the objects of speculative desire may transmute from tulip bulbs in one era to dotcom shares in another, but the propensity to err remains constant. As Geoffrey Elliott puts it at the beginning of this entertaining account of the greatest upset of the Victorian City: ‘Money muddles always start the same way, when judgment is fuddled by greed, ambition and overweening self-confidence; then when problems arise, there follows an obstinate refusal to admit mistakes or the imminence of disaster.’

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