Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947 by Christopher Clark, (Penguin, £12.99). It seems to me that we have mostly been guilty of a facile and convenient dismissal of Germany and its tragic history. This book, thorough, sensitive and well written, explains at least one part of the conundrum.

I have read a lot of novels this year, but the one that provided the most pain was Philip Roth’s Exit Ghost (Cape, £16.99). It seems to record the end of an immense talent, while J. M. Coetzee’s Diary of a Bad Year (Harvill Secker, £16.99) a complex but thoroughly satisfying work, declares that Coetzee has moved to unexplored fictional territory.

Geoffrey Wheatcroft

This was a vintage year for history books, none better than David Kynaston’s Austerity Britain: 1945–1951 (Bloomsbury, £25), a cracking read with powerful resonances for those of us born under the Attlee Junta. My favourite line is from James Lees-Milne describing dinner with Harold Nicolson, who has decided that since ‘socialism is inevitable’ he must become a socialist, although ‘the sad thing is that no one dislikes the lower orders more than he does’. God’s Architect: Pugin and the Building of Romantic Britain by Rosemary Hill (Allen Lane, £30) is admirable as biography, architectural history and psychoanalysis of a tormented soul. It didn’t make me like Pugin’s work much more, but that would be asking a good deal.

One tries to avoid mentioning books by friends, but not only have I actually read The Ghost by Robert Harris (Hutchinson, £18.99) when I haven’t read any of the books on the Booker short-list (well, who has?), but it’s a remarkable work, not just roman à clef but roman à thèse: a thriller which turns into a real political novel. It might even succeed in driving Tony Blair from office, unless there’s something I’ve missed.

David Gilmour

The most enjoyable book I have read this year is Vic Gatrell’s City of Laughter (Atlantic Books, £35), a work which is as boisterous as its subject — sex and satire in 18th-century London. The author has a wonderful sense both of place and of atmosphere.

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