Since Winston Churchill is still widely regarded as the man without whose doughty stand against Nazi Evil we would all be speaking German, he is Baker’s biggest target. And, boy, does he go to town. The Churchill presented here is infantile, capricious, egomaniacal and sybaritic — a ruthless militarist excited by war, careless of the lives of his own and enemy civilians alike, and intoxicated by his own rhetoric. ‘His real tyrant is the glittering phrase,’ the Australian Prime Minister noted, ‘so attractive to his mind that awkward facts may have to give way.’

After the declaration of war in 1939, Churchill enthused disgustingly: ‘The glory of Old England . . . instant and fearless at the call of honour, thrilled my being.’ Baker quotes Gandhi’s view that Churchillism and Hitlerism differ in degree more than they differ in kind.

The standard squawk of protest will be that Baker is indulging the unforgivable sin of ‘moral equivalence’. I don’t think he is — though he wades in exceptionally deep waters. He is indulging, we can say, in ‘moral comparison’. He is interested above all in trying to find a way to step to one side of the endless rhetorical circles by which ends justify means, and the means of the other side justify making your means your ends. He is interested in the self-affirming pathology of violence, and in the ways that a war, waged by all means deemed necessary by its leaders, became on both sides a racist war of extermination.

Beyond any doubt, there were crazed symmetries, because both sides believed that the answer to violence was more violence. Canting references to ‘peace-loving’ nations driven to take up arms by intolerable aggression were belied by the bloodthirsty reality. ‘Peace offensive’ is a term used with great pungency here; as is talk of the ‘moral effect’ on civilians of indiscriminate bombing. The one common enemy Churchill and Hitler had were people who didn’t want to kill at all. Pacifists and humanitarians were regarded on both sides as a pernicious threat — to be suppressed in print and interned in person.

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