Why the example of Mary Magdalen is relevant today
Magdalen’s role as leading apostle and creator of the Church is reinforced by such apocryphal texts as the Gospel of Nicodemus, where she proclaims at Christ’s burial: ‘Who shall make this known unto all the world? I shall go alone to Rome unto Caesar’, and such Gnostic texts as the Pistis Sophia, the Gospel of Mary and especially the Gospel of Philip, which was found at Nag Hammadi in Upper Egypt in 1945. Although such texts are uncanonical, they are significant, especially when they confirm the Gospels in according an apostolic role of leadership to Magdalen. In some she appears as a brave and resolute figure, rallying and encouraging the male disciples to remain faithful to Christ in times of danger.
There was clearly an intense debate in the early Church about the role of women, and victory went to an exclusively male leadership, as was perhaps inevitable at the time. But a tradition of Mary Magdalen as a leader, preacher and authority figure remained, as is well reflected in the mediaeval iconography. Thus in an early 12th-century psalter at Hildesheim, for instance, she appears as the ‘Apostle to the Apostles’, announcing the Resurrection to the men, her right index finger pointing upwards in the traditional preaching gesture. In frescoes and embroidered vestments, in illuminated manuscripts and sculptures, she frequently appears in the pulpit giving a sermon, sometimes wearing the triple crown of Virgin, Martyr and Preacher.
She was a powerful and popular saint, especially in the later Middle Ages, and hospitals and colleges were named after her. On 12 June 1458 Bishop Waynflete of Winchester obtained from Henry VI the Charter of Foundation of Magdalen College, Oxford. I was privileged to read for my degree at this splendid and beautiful institution in the years 1946–49, and have always had a devotion to the lady. The college celebrates the 550th anniversary of its foundation this summer. How welcome it would be for those of us who regard the Catholic Church to be a pillar of civilisation if we could see women restored to the leadership role once exercised by this extraordinary saint during Christ’s lifetime and after his resurrection.
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David Lindsay
March 28th, 2008 5:43pmThere is not the space here to set out in full the theological arguments against the ordination of women, which is certainly never going to happen in the Catholic Church.
But there is the space here to set out that independent research has found very large proportions of the women among the Church of England’s clergy to be doubters of, or disbelievers in, absolutely key points of doctrine, with two thirds denying “that Jesus Christ was born of a Virgin”, and, astonishingly, fully one quarter denying the existence “of God the Father Who created the world”.
No, thanks!
Jim Roche
March 31st, 2008 11:58amThe article demonstrates a complete lack of understanding of the underlying sexual symbolism. In ancient Judaism, God was always 'He' - there were no female deities or priestesses (unlike other ancient religions. God is masculine, the Church is feminine.
Today, the Catholic Church is 'Holy Mother Church' and is 'She'. Christ is the bridegroom, the Church is the bride. This was shown graphically at the Easter vigil, when the Paschal Candle (representing Christ) was thrust three times into the holy water in the baptismal font (representing the womb from which new Christians emerge).
The Priest represents Christ in the Sacraments - as in 'This is my body' or 'I absolve you' so must represent him in his maleness. Catholic priestesses would be acting as spiritual lesbians. Peter Kreeft is good on this topic.
Christ could have chosen men as priests, as the article pointed out He gave great respect to women but he chose not to.
Ann
April 1st, 2008 4:00pmExcellent article, very thought provoking. I'm an Anglican and proud of it. I beleive the Catholic Church should take a good long hard look at itself. It's way behind the times and if it wants to survive as a credible religion it needs to look seriously at the ordination of women. People do not have so much 'blind' faith anymore, we are better educated and less superstitious. Faith should be a comfort and women naturally fulfil this role. Leave the theology to the men, much safer in my opinion. And don't get me started on celibacy - how un-natural is that?!!
Recusant
April 2nd, 2008 11:48amOh dear Paul. I fear you have blundered in without consideration of the evidence available to you.
There is a denomination - the Anglicans - who have done as you suggested - and it has not helped the overall level of ordinations one jot: they are still falling. It has, however, and especially in North America, see its congregation and influence tumble.
Meanwhile the global Catholic church - not just the bit here in the West - has seen its total level of ordination remain steady.
Jim Roche
April 2nd, 2008 8:56pmDear Ann
Glad to hear that you are proud of being Anglican.
May I suggest that you read CS Lewis, another Anglican, on Priestesses - you can find it free on Google.
"Goddesses have, of course, been worshipped: many religions have had priestesses. But they are religions quite different in character from Christianity. Common sense, disregarding the discomfort, or even the horror, which the idea of turning all our theological language into the feminine gender arouses in most Christians, will ask 'Why not? Since God is in fact not a biological being and has no sex, what can it matter whether we say He or She, Father or Mother, Son or Daughter?'
But Christians think that God Himself has taught us how to speak of Him. To say that it does not matter is to say either that all the masculine imagery is not inspired, is merely human in origin, or else that, though inspired, it is quite arbitrary and unessential. And this is surely intolerable: or, if tolerable, it is an argument not in favour of Christian priestesses but against Christianity. It is also surely based on a shallow view of imagery. Without drawing upon religion, we know from our poetical experience that image and apprehension cleave closer together than common sense is here prepared to admit; that a child who has been taught to pray to a Mother in Heaven would have a religious life radically different from that of a Christian child. And as image and apprehension are in an organic unity, so, for a Christian, are human body and human soul."
Meanwhile, why not leave the 1.1billion and 300million Orthodox to follow the Example of our Lord and Saviour?
Ruth Fitch
April 25th, 2008 8:07pmHow can you understand 'sacerdotal celibacy'? St Peter was married!
Pat Brown
May 10th, 2008 6:40amThere are many groups all over the world campaigning for women's ordination in the Catholic Church and supporting women called to priesthood. The UK group is called Catholic Women's Ordination (CWO) and details can be found at www.catholic-womens-ordination.org.uk
Pippa Bonner
May 12th, 2008 9:03amThanks Paul Johnson for this article, which I read belatedly.Taking issue with Jim Roche: Christ appointed Apostles but not the structure of priesthood that we have now. He instituted the Eucharist at a Passover Meal where women were present (and where the woman has a liturgical role.)Men and women worked with Christ. The institution of male priesthood came later. Also, as is generally accepted, secular priests were not necessarily celibate for the first thousand years. So changes have happened and will again. Please have a look at the Catholic Women's Ordination website that Pat Brown mentions.It is very informed/informative and links to informed theological and Church documents and research which support the points I have made.