Richard Francis

With Friends like these…

Andrew R. Murphy reveals how the devout Quaker ran through a fortune, kept slaves and sold Native Indian land before he had paid for it

issue 12 January 2019

The ultimate driving force of William Penn’s adult life is inaccessible, as the Quaker phrase ‘Inner Light’ suggests. While a young man administering the family estates in Ireland, Penn experienced ‘convincement’, another Quaker term for what other Dissenters called conversion. But while these experiences were inward and personal, they had public consequences.

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