Joanna Kavenna

After the war — apocalypse

Ian Buruma's Year Zero remembers the generation that rose from the ashes of world war two

A German soldier sits among the ruins of the Reichstag after the Russian entry into Berlin in 1945. Credit: Getty Images 
issue 19 October 2013

On 12 April 1945 the Berlin Philharmonic gave its last performance. The atmosphere in Germany was apocalyptic, the Allied invasion was expected at any moment. The concert playlist had been devised by Hitler’s architect, Albert Speer, and included Brünnhilde’s last aria and the finale from Wagner’s Götterdämmerung, the ‘twilight of the gods’.

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