Ross Clark Ross Clark

Why are Europe’s gas prices falling?

Credit: Getty images

Is Europe’s chilly winter destined to become another Millennium bug – a much-feared disaster that never transpires? Only a few weeks ago wholesale gas prices were surging, leading to predictions of blackouts, rationing and people unable to heat their homes. Throughout August, analysts produced forecasts (extrapolated from wholesale gas prices) which showed eye-watering energy prices throughout winter and spring. Governments reacted by hurriedly announcing extremely expensive schemes to cap prices for consumers. This, in part, contributed to the rapid fall of Liz Truss as markets panicked that her government would be unable to fund her £100 billion plus energy price guarantee.

Yet, since then, wholesale gas prices have plummeted. Yesterday, they fell below 100 Euros per MWh for the first time since June – less than a third of their peak in August. It is possible that the government’s energy price guarantee – which remains in place until April, when the Chancellor suggests it may be replaced with a less-generous scheme – will end up costing taxpayers nothing at all.

Was the spike in gas prices in the summer a result of a panicked effort to stock up with gas?

So, what is going on? Oil and gas prices have always been very sensitive to minor changes in the balance between supply and demand – and that is exactly what is happening now. In preparation for this winter, European countries have been rapidly filling their gas storage facilities with liquified natural gas (LNG) imported by ship from Qatar, the US and elsewhere. Those facilities are now reported to be virtually full. The latest phenomenon is LNG ships queuing off European coasts waiting to unload their cargoes – and being kept waiting because there is a shortage of storage space and facilities to unload. There are believed to be around 50 such ships currently at sea off Europe.

At the same time, demand for gas is significantly lower than in recent years – around seven per cent lower than the average for the past three Octobers.

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