Whatever happened to universities, beacons of the liberal enlightenment? Well, according to both these authors, they are in deep trouble. Cary Nelson is a distinguished literature academic who for six years was president of the American Association of University Professors, set up in 1915 by John Dewey to advance standards of excellence and academic freedom. His book Hate Speech and Academic Freedom: The Anti-Semitic Assault on Basic Principles, published last year, has now been supplemented by this powerful thesis published by the Jewish Quarterly.
Even before the 7 October 2023 Hamas attacks on Israel, he argues, campus anti-Semitism was rife across the West. Following the attacks, 56 per cent of Jewish students in the US said they felt they were in personal danger on campus; 13 per cent of students at large said that the Jews deserved any physical attacks they experienced; and 10 per cent called for their genocide.
Expressing such views anywhere in a democratic country is reprehensible, but the fact that this is openly tolerated at universities is profoundly troubling. ‘Gaza Solidarity Encampments’ originated at New York’s Columbia University in April last year, setting a pattern for 150 similar encampments at US colleges and universities. Anti-Zionist and anti-Semitic slogans blared out from first light, anti-Israel posters and flyers were displayed and the functioning of university life was generally disrupted. Within weeks, 36 similar encampments had been established in the UK, including at Bristol, Cambridge, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Oxford, Warwick and University College, London.
Nelson rightly champions the qualities that have underpinned universities at their best: ‘Truth, reason, argument, inquiry, collegiality and freedom of thought.’ All of these, he says, are in danger of being eviscerated as universities endorse anti-Israel manifestos and academic boycotts, seek out and hire anti-Zionist job candidates, recruit anti-Zionist students, approve anti-Zionist courses, grant tenure to anti-Semitic faculties and invite anti-Semitic speakers to campuses.
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