Katrina Gulliver

Globalisation is scarcely new: it dates back to the year 1000

With their journeys to America centuries before Columbus, the Norsemen had already ‘closed the global loop’, according to Valerie Hansen

The Vikings discover America. Credit: Getty Images

Already a subscriber? Log in

This article is for subscribers only

Subscribe today to get 3 months' delivery of the magazine, as well as online and app access, for only £3.

  • Weekly delivery of the magazine
  • Unlimited access to our website and app
  • Enjoy Spectator newsletters and podcasts
  • Explore our online archive, going back to 1828

Comments

Join the debate for just £1 a month

Be part of the conversation with other Spectator readers by getting your first three months for £3.

Already a subscriber? Log in