Frances Wilson

How the quarrelsome ‘Jena set’ paved the way for Hitler

A group of warring 18th-century intellectuals, devoted to the theory of the ‘Ich’, left a dangerous legacy

Portrait of Friedrich Schiller, by Gerhard von Kügelgen. One of his poems, wrote Friedrich Schlegel, was so bad it was best read backwards. [Bridgeman Images] 
issue 27 August 2022

Today, the German city of Jena, 150 miles south-west of Berlin, is the world centre of the optical and precision industry; but in the 1790s it spawned an even more marketable commodity. It was then a small medieval town on the banks of the river Saale with crumbling walls, 800 half-timbered houses, a market square and an unruly university.

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